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Phys. Rev. B 78, 195118 (2008) [5 pages]

Combining photoemission and optical spectroscopies for reliable valence determination in YbS and Yb metal

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M. Matsunami1,2,*, A. Chainani2, M. Taguchi2, R. Eguchi2, Y. Ishida2, Y. Takata2, H. Okamura3, T. Nanba3, M. Yabashi2,4, K. Tamasaku2, Y. Nishino2, T. Ishikawa2,4, Y. Senba4, H. Ohashi4, N. Tsujii5, A. Ochiai6, and S. Shin1,2
1Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
2RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
3Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
4JASRI/SPring-8, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
5National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
6Center for Low Temperature Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan

Received 25 September 2008; revised 27 October 2008; published 19 November 2008

Hard x-ray photoemission and optical spectroscopies have been performed on YbS and Yb metal to determine the precise f-electron occupation. A comparison of the photoemission spectra with the energy-loss functions in bulk and surface, obtained from optical reflectivity, enables us to distinguish between the energy-loss satellite of Yb2+ peak and the Yb3+ multiplet. The results clearly indicate a purely divalent Yb state except for the surface of YbS which is altered by oxidation. We demonstrate that the present method is highly reliable in identifying the electronic structure and the mean valence in f-electron systems.

© 2008 The American Physical Society

URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.78.195118
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevB.78.195118
PACS:
71.27.+a, 75.30.Mb, 79.60.−i

*matunami@spring8.or.jp

 
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