Phys. Rev. B 76, 155403 (2007) [14 pages]Transformation of graphite into nanodiamond following extreme electronic excitationsReceived 30 January 2007; revised 30 May 2007; published 2 October 2007 Graphite targets have been irradiated at 90 K and 300 K with 850 MeV and 6 GeV lead ions and with 20–30 MeV fullerene cluster ions in a large range of fluences. Damage creation was studied both by transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The very strong energy density deposited in electronic processes generates a highly excited region around the projectile path. The relaxation of the deposited energy via hydrodynamic expansion and shock-wave propagation leads to the formation of small defective graphitic domains and of nanocrystalline diamond particles. © 2007 The American Physical Society URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.76.155403
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevB.76.155403
PACS:
62.50.+p, 61.50.Ks
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