Mutual Chern-Simons gauge theory of spontaneous vortex phase

We apply the mutual Chern-Simons effective theory [ Kou, Qi and Weng Phys. Rev. B 71 235102 (2005)] of the doped Mott insulator to the study of the so-called spontaneous vortex phase in the low-temperature pseudogap region, which is characterized by strong unconventional superconducting fluctuations. An effective description for the spontaneous vortex phase is derived from the general mutual Chern-Simons Lagrangian, based on which the physical properties including the diamagnetism, spin paramagnetism, magnetoresistance, and the Nernst coefficient, have been quantitatively calculated. The phase boundaries of the spontaneous vortex phase, which sits between the onset temperature T_v and the superconducting transition temperature T_c, are also determined within the same framework. The results are consistent with the experimental measurements of the cuprates.